沼氣天然氣瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組檢查調(diào)整點(diǎn)火提前角
Inspection and adjustment of ignition advance angle of biogas and natural gas generator set
1、點(diǎn)火提前角的定義
1. Definition of ignition advance angle
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)實(shí)際在活塞到達(dá)壓縮沖程上止點(diǎn)前就點(diǎn)火，點(diǎn)火時(shí)刻到壓縮沖程上止點(diǎn)時(shí)刻之間活塞的位移折算成曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角，即稱(chēng)點(diǎn)火提前角。
The engine actually ignites before the piston reaches TDC of the compression stroke. The displacement of the piston between the ignition time and TDC of the compression stroke is converted into the crankshaft angle, which is called the ignition advance angle.
以山東辰龍12V190系列燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組為例，其點(diǎn)火提前角一般為30-42°曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角，具體數(shù)值根據(jù)隨機(jī)說(shuō)明書(shū)、結(jié)合燃?xì)饩唧w成分而定。
Taking Shandong Chenlong 12V190 series gas generator set as an example, its ignition advance angle is generally 30-42 ° crankshaft angle, and the specific value is determined according to the accompanying instructions and the specific composition of the gas.
點(diǎn)火提前角由廠方技術(shù)服務(wù)人員在燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組安裝調(diào)試時(shí)設(shè)定好，用戶一般不需再調(diào)整。但隨著機(jī)組使用時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，磁電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器與齒輪箱聯(lián)軸器凹槽磨損，會(huì)造成點(diǎn)火提前角略有改變，因此應(yīng)進(jìn)行季節(jié)性檢查和調(diào)整。另外，在更換磁電機(jī)時(shí)，也會(huì)涉及到點(diǎn)火提前角的檢查和調(diào)整。
The ignition advance angle is set by the manufacturer's technical service personnel during the installation and commissioning of the gas generator set, and the user generally does not need to adjust it. However, with the extension of the service time of the unit, the groove of the coupling between the magneto driver and the gearbox will be worn, which will cause a slight change in the ignition advance angle. Therefore, seasonal inspection and adjustment should be carried out. In addition, when the magneto is replaced, the inspection and adjustment of ignition advance angle will also be involved.
建議用戶在機(jī)組安裝調(diào)試好、正常運(yùn)行后，實(shí)測(cè)機(jī)組當(dāng)前點(diǎn)火提前角數(shù)值，記錄備案。
It is recommended that the user measure the current ignition advance angle of the unit after the unit is installed, commissioned and operates normally, and record it for record.
2、測(cè)量點(diǎn)火提前角的方法
2. Method of measuring ignition advance angle
測(cè)量點(diǎn)火提前角通常有“使用點(diǎn)火正時(shí)燈”和“拖動(dòng)法”兩種。“使用點(diǎn)火正時(shí)燈”
There are usually two methods for measuring ignition advance angle: "using ignition timing lamp" and "dragging method". "Use ignition timing light"
的方法簡(jiǎn)便易行但測(cè)量結(jié)果有一定誤差;“拖動(dòng)法”的測(cè)量結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確度較高。
The method is simple and convenient, but the measurement results have some errors; The measurement result of "drag method" is accurate.
（1）使用點(diǎn)火正時(shí)燈
(1) Using the ignition timing light
①接通點(diǎn)火正時(shí)燈的12VDC工作電源。
① Turn on the 12VDC working power supply of the ignition timing lamp.
注意:過(guò)高的工作電源會(huì)將點(diǎn)火正時(shí)燈燒壞。
Note: The ignition timing lamp will be burnt out if the working power supply is too high.
②將點(diǎn)火正時(shí)燈的接線夾夾住發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸的高壓點(diǎn)火線主電纜部分。
② Clamp the wiring clip of the ignition timing lamp to the main cable of the high-voltage ignition wire of the first cylinder of the engine.
注意:夾前將高壓點(diǎn)火線主電纜外層保護(hù)膠皮擼起，否則正時(shí)燈感應(yīng)不到點(diǎn)火信號(hào)。
Note: Before clamping, roll up the outer protective rubber of the main cable of the high-voltage ignition wire, otherwise the timing lamp will not sense the ignition signal.
③手持點(diǎn)火正時(shí)燈，使燈頭對(duì)準(zhǔn)飛輪指針尖端處，并指向飛輪刻度盤(pán)中心。
③ Hold the ignition timing lamp so that the lamp cap is aligned with the tip of the flywheel pointer and points to the center of the flywheel dial.
④啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，使其怠速運(yùn)行。每當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸點(diǎn)火時(shí)，點(diǎn)火正時(shí)燈就發(fā)出亮光。亮光對(duì)應(yīng)的刻度即為當(dāng)前機(jī)組點(diǎn)火刻度。則，當(dāng)前機(jī)組點(diǎn)火提前角=（360°-當(dāng)前機(jī)組點(diǎn)火刻度)。
④ Start the engine and allow it to idle. When the first cylinder of the engine is ignited, the ignition timing lamp will light up. The scale corresponding to the bright light is the ignition scale of the current unit. Then, the ignition advance angle of the current unit=(360 ° - ignition scale of the current unit).
（2）拖動(dòng)法
(2) Drag method
①在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪刻度320°前后15°范圍內(nèi)貼上示波器紙(或傳真紙)，按照飛輪原有刻度在示波器紙上做出同樣的刻線。
① Stick oscilloscope paper (or fax paper) within the range of 15 ° before and after 320 ° of the flywheel scale of the engine, and make the same scale on the oscilloscope paper according to the original scale of the flywheel.
注意:應(yīng)事先在示波器紙(或傳真紙)上做好方向標(biāo)記，以免將點(diǎn)火提前和滯后混淆。
Note: Make direction marks on oscilloscope paper (or fax paper) in advance to avoid confusion between ignition advance and delay.
②把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸高壓點(diǎn)火線拔掉，換上專(zhuān)用的加長(zhǎng)的導(dǎo)線，使導(dǎo)線一端插入點(diǎn)火線圈輸出端，另一端固定在飛輪指針尖端處，導(dǎo)線的末端距離示波器紙2-4mm。
② Unplug the high voltage ignition wire of the first cylinder of the engine and replace it with a special extended wire. Insert one end of the wire into the output end of the ignition coil and fix the other end at the tip of the flywheel pointer. The end of the wire is 2-4mm from the oscilloscope paper.
③在切斷氣源的條件下，按下“起動(dòng)”按鈕，使啟動(dòng)馬達(dá)拖動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，此時(shí)，導(dǎo)線末端和示波器紙之間放電、出現(xiàn)火花，把示波器紙擊穿。
③ Under the condition of cutting off the air source, press the "Start" button to make the starting motor drive the engine to run. At this time, the end of the wire and the oscilloscope paper will discharge and spark, and the oscilloscope paper will be broken down.
④幾秒后，松開(kāi)“起動(dòng)”按鈕，停止啟動(dòng)馬達(dá)，取下示波器紙查看，火花擊穿密集位置對(duì)應(yīng)的刻度即為當(dāng)前機(jī)組點(diǎn)火刻度。則，當(dāng)前機(jī)組點(diǎn)火提前角=(360°-當(dāng)前機(jī)組點(diǎn)火刻度)。
④ After a few seconds, release the "Start" button, stop the starting motor, take down the oscilloscope paper and check. The scale corresponding to the dense spark breakdown position is the ignition scale of the current unit. Then, the ignition advance angle of the current unit=(360 ° - ignition scale of the current unit).

3、設(shè)定點(diǎn)火提前角方法
3. Method of setting ignition advance angle
(1)六缸、十二缸燃?xì)鈾C(jī)安裝磁電機(jī)、設(shè)定點(diǎn)火提前角的方法(以調(diào)整機(jī)組點(diǎn)火提前角至40°曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角為例)①盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)飛輪，至一缸處于壓縮沖程上止點(diǎn)位置的0刻度，再倒回40°，即，指針指示320°。此時(shí)，齒輪箱聯(lián)軸器的凹槽傾斜方向確定。
(1) The method of installing magneto and setting ignition advance angle for six cylinder and twelve cylinder gas engines (taking adjusting the ignition advance angle of the unit to 40 ° crankshaft angle as an example) ① Turn the flywheel until one cylinder is at the 0 scale of TDC on the compression stroke, and then turn back 40 °, that is, the pointer indicates 320 °. At this time, the groove inclination direction of the gearbox coupling is determined.
②轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)磁電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)器，使轉(zhuǎn)軸上旋轉(zhuǎn)的短紅刻線對(duì)準(zhǔn)磁電機(jī)正面面板上的CCW線。此時(shí)一，磁電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器的傾斜方向確定。
② Rotate the driver of the magneto to align the short red scribed line on the rotating shaft with the CCW line on the front panel of the magneto. At this time, the tilt direction of the magneto driver is determined.
③裝上磁電機(jī)，此時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火提前角近似為40°。
③ When the magneto is installed, the ignition advance angle of the engine is approximately 40 °.
注意:安裝磁電機(jī)時(shí)應(yīng)確保其驅(qū)動(dòng)器與齒輪箱的聯(lián)軸器嚙合到位。
Note: When installing the magneto, ensure that its driver is engaged with the coupling of the gearbox.
④用拖動(dòng)法檢查點(diǎn)火提前角的實(shí)際值，調(diào)整至需要的數(shù)值。
④ Check the actual value of ignition advance angle by dragging and adjust it to the required value.
⑤十二缸燃?xì)鈾C(jī)磁電機(jī)調(diào)整位置到極限情況需要調(diào)整錐齒輪(倒齒)。方法為:
⑤ The bevel gear (reverse tooth) shall be adjusted when the magneto of the 12 cylinder gas engine reaches the limit. The method is:
a.松開(kāi)齒輪箱側(cè)面觀察蓋上的緊固螺釘，取下觀察蓋。
a. Loosen the fastening screws on the side observation cover of the gearbox, and take down the observation cover.
b.松開(kāi)連接盤(pán)與齒輪箱固定的6個(gè)緊固螺釘，將小錐齒輪連同傳動(dòng)軸一同抽出，使兩個(gè)錐齒輪脫離嚙合。
b. Loosen the 6 fastening screws fixed between the connecting plate and the gear box, and pull out the bevel gear and the transmission shaft together to disengage the two bevel gears.
c.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)小錐齒輪(每倒一個(gè)齒點(diǎn)火提前角改變約12°)，使聯(lián)軸器凹槽方向與磁電機(jī)連接盤(pán)的傾斜方向一致。
c. Turn the bevel gear (the ignition advance angle of each inverted gear changes by about 12 °) to make the coupling groove direction consistent with the tilt direction of the magneto connecting plate.
d.將小錐齒輪裝回原處，使兩個(gè)錐齒輪重新嚙合，蓋好觀察蓋。
D. Install the bevel pinion back to its original position, re engage the two bevel gears, and cover the observation cover.
e.裝上磁電機(jī)，復(fù)查點(diǎn)火時(shí)間。
e. Install the magneto and recheck the ignition time.
(2)四缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)安裝磁電機(jī)、設(shè)定點(diǎn)火提前角的方法(以調(diào)整點(diǎn)火提前角至32°為例)。
(2) The method of installing magneto and setting ignition advance angle for four cylinder engine (take adjusting ignition advance angle to 32 ° as an example).
①工作原理
① Working principle
4缸燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)(4-190)點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)由磁塊、感應(yīng)線圈、磁電機(jī)、點(diǎn)火線圈、火花塞構(gòu)成。點(diǎn)火順序?yàn)?-2-4-3。
The ignition system of 4-cylinder gas engine (4-190) consists of magnetic block, induction coil, magneto, ignition coil and spark plug. The ignition sequence is 1-2-4-3.
飛輪上分別在160°、340°位置處鑲嵌有兩個(gè)磁塊。在飛輪旁安裝有內(nèi)側(cè)、外側(cè)兩個(gè)感應(yīng)線圈。外側(cè)感應(yīng)線圈連接1、4缸，內(nèi)側(cè)感應(yīng)線圈連接2、3缸。
Two magnetic blocks are embedded on the flywheel at 160 ° and 340 ° respectively. The inner and outer induction coils are installed beside the flywheel. The outer induction coil is connected to cylinders 1 and 4, and the inner induction coil is connected to cylinders 2 and 3.
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)，飛輪上的磁塊每當(dāng)經(jīng)過(guò)感應(yīng)線圈時(shí)，獲取一個(gè)信號(hào)，并把此信號(hào)傳遞給磁電機(jī)。磁電機(jī)按此信號(hào)提供的順序發(fā)出點(diǎn)火電能，經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)火線圈變壓，由火花塞點(diǎn)火。
When the engine is working, the magnetic block on the flywheel gets a signal whenever it passes through the induction coil and transmits this signal to the magneto. The magneto sends out ignition electric energy in the order provided by this signal, which is transformed by the ignition coil and ignited by the spark plug.
當(dāng)外側(cè)感應(yīng)線圈次獲取磁塊信號(hào)時(shí)，1缸點(diǎn)火，旋轉(zhuǎn)180度后，內(nèi)側(cè)感應(yīng)線圈獲取磁塊信號(hào)，2缸點(diǎn)火。飛輪再旋轉(zhuǎn)180度后，外側(cè)點(diǎn)火線圈獲取磁塊信號(hào)，4缸點(diǎn)火，再旋轉(zhuǎn)180度后，內(nèi)側(cè)感應(yīng)線圈獲取信號(hào)，3缸點(diǎn)火。
When the outer induction coil acquires the magnetic block signal for the first time, cylinder 1 ignites. After rotating 180 degrees, the inner induction coil acquires the magnetic block signal and cylinder 2 ignites. After the flywheel rotates for another 180 degrees, the outer ignition coil acquires the magnetic block signal, and cylinder 4 ignites. After rotating for another 180 degrees, the inner induction coil acquires the signal, and cylinder 3 ignites.
②設(shè)定方法
② Setting method
a.盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)飛輪，至一缸處于壓縮沖程上止點(diǎn)位置的0刻度，再倒回32°，即指針指示328°。
a. Turn the flywheel until cylinder 1 is at the 0 scale of TDC on the compression stroke, and then turn it back 32 °, that is, the pointer indicates 328 °.
b.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)磁電機(jī)連接塑料盤(pán)，使傾斜方向與法蘭內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)的傾斜方向一致，將磁電機(jī)裝好。
b. Rotate the magneto to connect the plastic disk, so that the tilt direction is consistent with the tilt direction of the rotary disk in the flange, and install the magneto.
c.移動(dòng)兩個(gè)感應(yīng)線圈，對(duì)準(zhǔn)飛輪上的磁塊，并使兩個(gè)感應(yīng)線圈處于同心直線上，固定感應(yīng)線圈。此時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火提前角近似為32°。
C. Move the two induction coils, align them with the magnetic block on the flywheel, make the two induction coils on a concentric straight line, and fix the induction coils. At this time, the engine ignition advance angle is approximately 32 °.
d.檢查點(diǎn)火提前角的實(shí)際值，并調(diào)整至需要的數(shù)值。
d. Check the actual value of ignition advance angle and adjust it to the required value.